Six sources of knowledge..

According to Fulop and Linstead (1991, p. 17), there are six sources of management knowledge..

1. Learning by doing..

    ‘Practice makes perfects’.. Much of managing involves talking to people to get tasks done; much informal learning about managing occurs during these ‘first-order’ conversation…

2. Hearing local acounts..

    Ordinary everday talk or stories can help managers to obtain a precise strategy in related to current situation and condition at the field.

3. Reading popular accounts either published, electronically transmitted or publically recounted..   

   Do not close your eyes only to one particular subject.. You should read as much as you can so that you will become aware the current situation..

4. Reading the fad approaches or theories and attending workshops;

    Attending workshp can help managers to maintain their network..  

5. Studying ‘soft’ academic theory or middle-range theories..

   It can help managers to link between academic theory and daily practice.

6. Deciphering ‘hard’academic theory

   Emphasis on theory building and testing or disecovering new principles or fundamentals or organization theory, work, technology, personality, society, and so forth…

To conclude, those sources can be adapted not only by managers or CEOs of Multi National Companies.. However, we can adapt those sources of knowledge into our daily life.. as the manager in our own household.. as the manager in our life..

Reference: Fulop, L & Linstead, S 1999, Management : A critical text, MacMillan Publisher, Australia.

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